Frank Holmes has had a protracted profession as a cash supervisor: financing gold mining firms; getting concerned within the creation of gold royalty firms; growing monetary merchandise for the airline business — all of this with U.S. World Buyers (GROW), the publicly-traded asset administration agency he’s been main since 1989.
He’s additionally the chairman of HIVE Blockchain Applied sciences (HIVE), a bitcoin mining firm with a $345 million market capitalization and a quickly increasing footprint in Paraguay, because of a latest deal by which the agency acquired services beforehand owned by one other miner, Bitfarms. The agency was born, he mentioned, after he tried to launch a spot bitcoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) in 2017.
HIVE has been inexperienced from the get-go. Its first facility used geothermal vitality in Iceland; one other used hydro-power in Sweden, solely 100 kilometers south of the Arctic Circle. Now, the corporate expects to have roughly 430 megawatts (MW) of infrastructure up and operating by the third quarter of 2025 — that means sufficient vitality to energy a metropolis of 86,000 houses.
Holmes can be talking on the BTC & Mining Summit at Consensus 2025, in Toronto on Might 14-15.
Within the lead-up to the occasion, Holmes shared his ideas about HIVE’s state of affairs throughout the broader mining business, the corporate’s determination to recycle its GPUs for AI functions, and what the long run holds.
This interview has been condensed and edited for readability.
CoinDesk: HIVE has been repurposing a few of its GPUs for AI. Are you able to inform me about that?
Frank Holmes: At one time we had 130,000 AMD chips and we have been mining ether (ETH). We have been about 6% of the world’s ether mining and it was very worthwhile. When that went away [with Ethereum’s transition to Proof-of-Stake in 2022], we had this experience in GPU chips and we changed quite a lot of our AMD chips with Nvidia chips. That allowed us to begin happening the AI path.
The distinction between a primary ASIC miner and Nvidia chips is like driving a Bronco and a Ferrari. The delicacy of the motor, the engines, all of the gearing that goes right into a excessive efficiency automotive — all of that relates rather more to a GPU. When Antminers S21 Professionals present up, it takes us six hours to unwrap them and plug them in. When the Nvidia chips present up, like an H100, it’s six weeks earlier than you’ve constructed the mind and it’s working. So it is a fully completely different ability set.
While you’re constructing infrastructure for bitcoin mining, you are spending 1,000,000 {dollars} per megawatt of electrical energy. While you go into excessive efficiency computing (HPC), the services want a lot redundancy that you just spend $10 million per megawatt. That is excluding the tools. You’ve got bought a lot increased logistical engineering necessities, and you have a lot increased capital bills.
While you wish to supply vitality for bitcoin mining, you possibly can take variable vitality, and the actual key half is the price of the vitality. In Sweden, we are able to go from 30 megawatts to a few megawatts in 15 seconds. So we’re capable of give again vitality, or take it on.
While you’re HPC, it’s important to be up on a regular basis, and so it’s essential to have this backup of mills, batteries. Stability of vitality is rather more crucial for HPC than it’s for bitcoin mining. So you’ve a matrix that you just’re attempting to play with.
Does the Trump administration’s tariff technique impression your operations?
We hearken to the U.S. as a result of it is so vital for branding and liquidity. However we by no means did something within the U.S. as a result of we’re at all times involved concerning the overreach of regulatory companies in Washington. They principally weaponized the auditors to go after anybody that was in crypto. So we mentioned, ‘Let’s simply keep impartial on this jurisdiction.’ Then Trump gained, so we determined to maneuver our head workplace over. That is strategic, as a result of in case your head workplace is within the U.S., you qualify for lots of the varied indexes. We don’t have mining operations within the U.S. but.
However you’ve expanded considerably in Paraguay.
I feel what occurred in Paraguay to Bitfarms is that they went via some distraction with their CEO [left]. There was a vacuum. Then Riot (RIOT) tried to come back in to purchase and management them. Throughout that turmoil interval, the Paraguayan authorities put a tariff on bitcoin miners, which was actually very bizarre, but it surely occurred, and it’ll drop away, I feel, subsequent 12 months. It was all unsettling for the brand new CEO, and he needed to pivot to the U.S. So that they merged with Stronghold (SDIG) to principally turn out to be an American firm, like a reverse takeover.
They nonetheless have 80 megawatts of electrical energy in Paraguay, however a lot of the operations we’re now taking up. We’re ending the development, and we’re very enthusiastic about it. We have already got a couple of machines working. Now we have the largest progress profile in 2025 of all of the bitcoin miners. Now we have not achieved any of those funky convertible debentures to purchase bitcoin. Most of them paid a lot increased costs. No, we have not achieved that as a result of we all know how risky it may be. Each time everybody begins doing this binge debt shopping for — nicely, earlier than, in 2021 it was all for purchasing mining tools. This time, it is all for purchasing bitcoin. Bitcoin then goes to a correction, and so they all get strangled. We simply do not wish to be in that place.
We actually see the chance in Paraguay. It has the biggest dam within the Western hemisphere, shared 50/50 with Brazil. It’s 14 gigawatts and like eight kilometers lengthy. It is so immense. If Paraguay does not use the electrical energy, then Brazil will get to maintain it. Properly, Bitcoin miners do not do this. We assist construct out their infrastructure, and so they receives a commission U.S. {dollars} each month. So it is a win-win for the Paraguayan authorities and it is a win-win for HIVE shareholders, as a result of we wish to keep targeted on inexperienced vitality.
Are there different jurisdictions you’re trying to broaden to?
We’re proposals coming from East Africa. Ethiopia specifically has quite a lot of stranded electrical energy. A few of the different miners have already gone into that space. They bought all this low-cost cash from the World Financial institution and different establishments, and so they constructed the dams, however then they did not construct the facility strains all through the economic system. It’s an enormous expense. Now we have a really clear imaginative and prescient to go from 6 EH/s to about 25 EH/s within the subsequent 9 months.
How do you see the mining business’s state of affairs proper now?
I do not suppose it is wholesome. It’s a must to be cognizant that there is a change for lots of the large miners. Main U.S. companies usually are not actually into mining enlargement. They’re predominantly targeted on including bitcoin to their steadiness sheet. They’re all emulating Michael Saylor’s enterprise mannequin. However for Bitcoin’s ecosystem to perform, it’s essential to have progress within the nodes. It’s good to have progress in mining operations so we turn out to be much more decentralized. A few of the firms needs to be in all probability investing extra within the Lightning Community or in Ordinals infrastructure to distinguish themselves.
What Bitdeer (BTDR) is doing [with ASIC manufacturing] is de facto good. The founder was additionally a co-founder of Bitmain. So coming in with a brand new piece of expertise which may be very vitality environment friendly by way of joules consumed, I feel that is superb and aggressive for the capital markets.
Bitcoin miners are going to undergo a course of that occurred to the gold miners. When the GLD got here out for bullion, swiftly there was a separation — gold shares versus the GLD. This century, gold bullion has outperformed the S&P 500 by a large margin. However solely the standard gold shares, the royalty gold shares, have truly outperformed. One of many issues that HIVE has at all times had is the outdated royalty mannequin of excessive income per worker, in order that we are able to cope with these down drafts and never must undergo this panic of massive layoffs.
